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新南威尔士大学Nanak Kakwani教授课程安排
发布时间:2017-03-05
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主题:Methodology for the Poverty Research
地点:后主楼1620
主讲人简介:Nanak Kakwani was Professor of Economics for 30 years at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and until 2006 was Principal Researcher and Director at United Nations Development Programme’s International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth in Brazil. He was an elected fellow of the Australian Research Committee of Social Science, and has been awarded the Mahalanobis gold medal for outstanding contribution in quantitative economics. He has published over 100 articles in international journals, as well as four books.
Course 1: Pro-poor Growth with Applications
Time: 2017-03-07 Tuesday 14:00
The methodology developed in the course will be applied to three Asia countries Korea, Thailand and Vietnam and one Latin American country Brazil.
References
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2008), “Pro-poor Growth and Asian Experience” in (edited) Machico Nissanki and Erik Thorbeck , Globalization and the Poor in Asia: Can Shared Growth be Sustianed?, Palgrave Macmillan
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2008) , “Poverty Equivalent Growth rate” Review of Income and Wealth , Series 54 Number 4 December
Course 2: Assessing Pro- poor Policies Government programs
This course will define pro-poor policies and develops a new “Pro-Poor Policy (PPP)” index, which measures the pro-poorness of government programs, as well as basic service delivery in education, health and infrastructure. The index provides a means to assess the targeting efficiency of government programs compared to perfect targeting. The course also deals with the policy issue of how targeting efficiency of government programs varies across various socioeconomic groups. To this effect, the two types of PPP indices are developed for socioeconomic groups, which are within-group and total-group PPP indices. The within-group PPP index captures how well targeted a program is within a group. On the other hand, if our objective is to maximize poverty reduction at the national level, the targeting efficiency of particular group should be judged on the basis of total-group PPP index. Using micro unit-record data on household surveys from Thailand, Russia, Vietnam, and 15 African countries, the course will provide empirical evaluations of a wide range of government programs and basic services.
Course 3: On Measuring Social Tension
Social tension has many dimensions shaped by economic, social, and political factors. Some of these dimensions are not quantifiable. This paper deals with dimensions of social tension that can be quantified using available data from household surveys. The following aspects of social tension will be considered in the chapter: (i) high inequality, (ii) existence of poverty, (iii) shrinking middle class and increased polarization, (iv) growth volatility, and (v) social immobility.
Measuring each of these dimensions will require normative judgments, which become explicit using a social welfare function. A social welfare function is primarily used to identify policies that work and those that do not. From any public policy perspective, various policies affect individuals differently; some lose while others gain. Hence, it is inevitable to make some form of normative judgments in the assessment of policies using social welfare functions. Social welfare functions help specify judgments on the weights rendered to different individuals.
This paper aims to derive social welfare functions that explicitly incorporate judgments about various types of social tension. Such social welfare functions provide the basis for the measurement of social tension. These social welfare functions are applied in Brazil’s case, with an empirical analysis of levels and trends of various types of social tension in the country from 1992 to 2012 using data from a national household survey called the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD).
References:
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2016), “On Measuring Social Tension” Chapter 3 in Social welfare Functions and Development : Measurement and Policy Applications, Palgrave Macmillan
Course 4: Relative Deprivation and Social Groups
This course will provide a linkage between relative deprivation and inequality in the society. It will develop a methodology to estimate the average deprivation experienced by various social groups. It helped identify particular social groups with greater deprivation in society. Identifying such groups is important because reducing inequality can be more effective through policies directly targeting these social groups rather than specific individuals.
The course will discuss the relationship between demographic structure and inequality. The following social groups are analyzed:
1. Social groups by age (demographic structure)
2. Rural and urban groups (migration)
3. Education
4. Social classes (poor, middle income and rich classes)
5. Racial groups
This methodology is fairly general and can be applied to any country including China.
Reference :
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2016), “On Measuring Social Tension” Chapter 4 in Social welfare Functions and Development : Measurement and Policy Applications, Palgrave Macmillan
地点:后主楼1620
主讲人简介:Nanak Kakwani was Professor of Economics for 30 years at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and until 2006 was Principal Researcher and Director at United Nations Development Programme’s International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth in Brazil. He was an elected fellow of the Australian Research Committee of Social Science, and has been awarded the Mahalanobis gold medal for outstanding contribution in quantitative economics. He has published over 100 articles in international journals, as well as four books.
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Course 1: Pro-poor Growth with Applications
Time: 2017-03-07 Tuesday 14:00
Poverty reduction has become a major concern of development policy. This focus on poverty reduction has in turn generated interest in pro-poor growth. While there remains no consensus on how to define or measure pro-poor growth, the issue has generated a certain amount of policy and academic debate. The course will discuss alternative definitions of pro-poor growth proposed in the literature and critically evaluate them.
The Course will propose a new measure of pro-poor growth, called the ‘poverty equivalent growth rate’ (PEGR), which takes into account both growth rate in mean income and how benefits of growth are distributed between the poor and the non-poor. The proposed measure satisfies a basic requirement that proportional reduction in poverty is a monotonically increasing function of the PEGR. Thus, maximizing the PEGR implies a maximum reduction in poverty. The course will also develop a measure of pro-poor growth that evaluates growth in terms of absolute standards. This measure is referred to as the ‘absolute poverty equivalent growth rate’ (APEGR). The methodology developed in the course will be applied to three Asia countries Korea, Thailand and Vietnam and one Latin American country Brazil.
References
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2008), “Pro-poor Growth and Asian Experience” in (edited) Machico Nissanki and Erik Thorbeck , Globalization and the Poor in Asia: Can Shared Growth be Sustianed?, Palgrave Macmillan
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2008) , “Poverty Equivalent Growth rate” Review of Income and Wealth , Series 54 Number 4 December
Course 2: Assessing Pro- poor Policies Government programs
Time: 2017-03-14 Tuesday 14:00
Many governments in developing countries are increasingly considering introducing safety net programs that provide income to the poor or those who face a probable risk of falling into poverty, in the absence of the cash or in-kind transfers provided by such programs.
This course will define pro-poor policies and develops a new “Pro-Poor Policy (PPP)” index, which measures the pro-poorness of government programs, as well as basic service delivery in education, health and infrastructure. The index provides a means to assess the targeting efficiency of government programs compared to perfect targeting. The course also deals with the policy issue of how targeting efficiency of government programs varies across various socioeconomic groups. To this effect, the two types of PPP indices are developed for socioeconomic groups, which are within-group and total-group PPP indices. The within-group PPP index captures how well targeted a program is within a group. On the other hand, if our objective is to maximize poverty reduction at the national level, the targeting efficiency of particular group should be judged on the basis of total-group PPP index. Using micro unit-record data on household surveys from Thailand, Russia, Vietnam, and 15 African countries, the course will provide empirical evaluations of a wide range of government programs and basic services.
Course 3: On Measuring Social Tension
Time: 2017-03-21 Tuesday 14:00
Different types of social tensions can lead to social unrest. Inequality and poverty, for instance, could cause social tension given temporal fluctuations in living standards including both systemic and idiosyncratic sources of risk. Social tensions may also arise from immobility among social groups, polarization, and issues relating to middle class. This paper provides a common methodology to model different sources of social tensions. Social tension has many dimensions shaped by economic, social, and political factors. Some of these dimensions are not quantifiable. This paper deals with dimensions of social tension that can be quantified using available data from household surveys. The following aspects of social tension will be considered in the chapter: (i) high inequality, (ii) existence of poverty, (iii) shrinking middle class and increased polarization, (iv) growth volatility, and (v) social immobility.
Measuring each of these dimensions will require normative judgments, which become explicit using a social welfare function. A social welfare function is primarily used to identify policies that work and those that do not. From any public policy perspective, various policies affect individuals differently; some lose while others gain. Hence, it is inevitable to make some form of normative judgments in the assessment of policies using social welfare functions. Social welfare functions help specify judgments on the weights rendered to different individuals.
This paper aims to derive social welfare functions that explicitly incorporate judgments about various types of social tension. Such social welfare functions provide the basis for the measurement of social tension. These social welfare functions are applied in Brazil’s case, with an empirical analysis of levels and trends of various types of social tension in the country from 1992 to 2012 using data from a national household survey called the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD).
References:
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2016), “On Measuring Social Tension” Chapter 3 in Social welfare Functions and Development : Measurement and Policy Applications, Palgrave Macmillan
Course 4: Relative Deprivation and Social Groups
Time: 2017-03-28 Tuesday 14:00
Human beings are diverse in terms of their characteristics. They differ by age, gender, education level, occupation, and ethnicity, among others. Given these differences, a population can be classified into various social groups. These differences in individual characteristics should therefore be accounted for in the analysis of inequality.This course will provide a linkage between relative deprivation and inequality in the society. It will develop a methodology to estimate the average deprivation experienced by various social groups. It helped identify particular social groups with greater deprivation in society. Identifying such groups is important because reducing inequality can be more effective through policies directly targeting these social groups rather than specific individuals.
The course will discuss the relationship between demographic structure and inequality. The following social groups are analyzed:
1. Social groups by age (demographic structure)
2. Rural and urban groups (migration)
3. Education
4. Social classes (poor, middle income and rich classes)
5. Racial groups
This methodology is fairly general and can be applied to any country including China.
Reference :
Nanak Kakwani and Hyun Son (2016), “On Measuring Social Tension” Chapter 4 in Social welfare Functions and Development : Measurement and Policy Applications, Palgrave Macmillan